Evaluating Stable and Situational Expressions of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Multimethod Experience Sampling Case Study.

Passive-aggressive (PA) personality traits have received increasing attention in the research literature and are known to interfere with treatment engagement and recovery. Theoretical disagreements about PA, combined with its omission from the DSM-5, have left open many questions regarding its dynamic structure and temporal stability. Our goal in the present case study was to use a multimethod, experience sampling assessment framework for a single research subject enrolled in long-term residential treatment who exhibited significant PA traits to provide a complex portrait of daily interpersonal behaviors and experiences across a range of contexts. We review data gathered over a year of residential treatment to identify changes in self and interpersonal functioning and to deepen our understanding of the dynamic motivational structure of PA over time. Our findings expand understanding of both PA dynamics and provide support for integrating multimethod assessment into routine clinical practice.

Interpersonal Problems Associated With Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder.

With a controversial history, passive-aggressive personality disorder (PAPD) was eventually removed from the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. Despite its demise from diagnostic nomenclature, clinicians continue to regard it as a clinically relevant construct, and some researchers argue for its resurrection. Toward this end, it is important to empirically demonstrate the relevance of the passive-aggressive personality construct, including demonstrating its association with impaired functioning. Consistent with contemporary emphasis on interpersonal functioning in personality pathology, the current study aims to explore interpersonal problems that are associated with PAPD in a large clinical sample. Before beginning treatment, 240 patients completed assessments of personality psychopathology and interpersonal functioning. Results showed that higher levels of PAPD were significantly associated with greater level of interpersonal distress, especially regarding interpersonal problems of a vindictive nature. The findings are consistent with clinical descriptions of the core conflictual relational issues of patients with PAPD and lend some support to further considering PAPD as a valid diagnostic construct.

The centrality of affective instability and identity in Borderline Personality Disorder: Evidence from network analysis.

We argue that the series of traits characterizing Borderline Personality Disorder samples do not weigh equally. In this regard, we believe that network approaches employed recently in Personality and Psychopathology research to provide information about the differential relationships among symptoms would be useful to test our claim. To our knowledge, this approach has never been applied to personality disorders. We applied network analysis to the nine Borderline Personality Disorder traits to explore their relationships in two samples drawn from university students and clinical populations (N = 1317 and N = 96, respectively). We used the Fused Graphical Lasso, a technique that allows estimating networks from different populations separately while considering their similarities and differences. Moreover, we examined centrality indices to determine the relative importance of each symptom in each network. The general structure of the two networks was very similar in the two samples, although some differences were detected. Results indicate the centrality of mainly affective instability, identity, and effort to avoid abandonment aspects in Borderline Personality Disorder. Results are consistent with the new DSM Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. We discuss them in terms of implications for therapy.

Patients with challenging behaviors: Communication strategies.

Some patients have behaviors that make interactions unpleasant, sometimes contributing to suboptimal outcomes and physician burnout. Understanding common difficult personality types can help doctors plan effective strategies for dealing with each, resulting in more effective communication, less stress, and better health outcomes.

The relevance of goal-orientation for motivation in high versus low proneness to negative symptoms.

BACKGROUND: The psychological mechanisms of why individuals with negative symptoms fail to initiate and perform goal-directed behavior are not well understood. Drawing on the reward-sensitivity and expectancy-value theories, we investigate whether negative symptom-like experiences (NSLE) are associated with generating less approach goals (aimed at reaching a positive outcome) and more avoidance goals (aimed at avoiding a negative outcome) and whether this type of goal-orientation explains motivational deficits (i.e., perceiving goals as less feasible and important and being less committed to them). METHODS: Based on the continuum model of negative symptoms, we identified two parallelized extreme groups with high and low levels of NSLE (n = 37, respectively) in an ad-hoc online-sample of healthy individuals (N = 262) using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. In an online study, these participants were instructed to generate approach and avoidance goals and to rate each goal in terms of feasibility, importance and goal-commitment. RESULTS: Participants with low levels of NSLE generated more approach than avoidance goals. Participants with high levels of NSLE showed no such difference due to increased numbers of avoidance goals. Furthermore, avoidance goal-orientation predicted reduced subjective feasibility and importance of goals and less goal-commitment. LIMITATIONS: Results are based on a healthy sample rather than people with psychosis. No longitudinal or behavioral data for goal-striving was collected. CONCLUSION: People with NSLE generate more avoidance goals than controls. This is dysfunctional because it correlates with feeling less committed to reach one's goals. Optimizing goal-setting could be a promising starting-point for psychological interventions aimed at reducing negative symptoms.

Personality correlates of passive-aggressiveness: a NEO-PI-R domain and facet analysis of the HDS Leisurely scale.

BACKGROUND: This study looked at the relationship between "bright-side" and "dark-side" personality variables by focusing on the controversial trait of Passive-Aggressiveness. Around 4800 British adults completed the NEO-PI-R which measures the Big Five Personality factors at the Domain and the Facet level, as well as the Hogan Development Survey (HDS) which has a measure of Passive-Aggressiveness called Leisurely. AIM: To determine to what extent the well-established Big Five traits measured at both domain and facet level can account for the variance in a measure of passive-aggressiveness. FINDINGS: Correlations and regressions indicated that Leisurely individuals are introverted, closed-minded Neurotics, with particular needs for order and deliberation. Neuroticism facets accounted for most of the variance. Overall, the Big Five measured at Domain and Facet level accounted for relatively small amounts of variance, suggesting the divergent validity of this measure of PAPD. CONCLUSIONS: This scale measures something that is not captured by comprehensive taxonomies of personality. Limitations and implications for clinical practice are noted.

Negativismo, ansiedad y retraimiento social como predictores de la sintomatología del déficit de atención con Hiperactividad / Negativity, anxiety and social withdrawal as predictors of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Se analiza la capacidad predictora de la ansiedad, la socialización, la autoestima y el negativismo respecto a los déficit de atención e hiperactividad, considerando en primer lugar, población normal y, posteriormente, individuos con sospecha de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Han participado 259 niños (M=13,05; DT=1,92) y 241 niñas (M=12,90; DT=2,04). Se han diferenciado dos grupos a partir de la información aportada por los profesores a través de la "Escala para la evaluación del TDAH" (ADHD Rating Scale-IV; DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). Los resultados muestran índices de varianza explicada entre el 33,5%, F(6, 349)= 30,854; p= 0,008, de la puntuación en inatención y el 45,2%, F(3,102)= 29,901; p= 0,008, en sintomatología combinada. Destacan síntomas de negativismo, ansiedad estado y retraimiento social, como las variables más relevantes con tendencia a incrementar las puntuaciones en inatención e impulsividad. La autoestima escolar y consideración con los demás resultan las principales variables moderadoras de la sintomatología hiperactiva

Predictive ability of anxiety, socialization, self-esteem and negativism for attentional deficiencies and hyperactivity was analyzed, considering firstly a normal population and then individuals with suspected attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 259 children (M= 13.05, SD= 1.92) and 241 girls (M= 12.90, SD= 2.04) have participated in this study. Two groups have been differentiated from the information provided by teachers through the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). The results show variance explained rates between 33.5%, F(6, 349)= 30.854, p= 008, inattention score and 45.2%, F(3,102)= 29.901, p= .008, combined symptoms. Symptoms of negativism, state anxiety and social withdrawal stand out, as the most relevant variables that tend to increase scores on inattention and impulsivity. The school esteem and consideration to others are the main moderating variables of overactive symptoms

Relationships among depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic and self-defeating personality disorder features with suicidal ideation and reasons for living among older adults.

OBJECTIVES: Suicide among older adults is a major public health problem in the USA. In our recent study, we examined relationships between the 10 standard DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs) and suicidal ideation, and found that the PD dimensions explained a majority (55%) of the variance in suicidal ideation. To extend this line of research, the purpose of the present follow-up study was to explore relationships between the four PDs that previously were included in prior versions of the DSM (depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, and self-defeating) with suicidal ideation and reasons for living. METHOD: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 109; age range = 60-95 years; 61% women; 88% European-American) completed anonymously the Coolidge Axis II Inventory, the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS). RESULTS: Correlational analyses revealed that simple relationships between PD scales with GSIS subscales were generally stronger than with RFL subscales. Regarding GSIS subscales, all four PD scales had medium-to-large positive relationships, with the exception of sadistic PD traits, which was unrelated to the death ideation subscale. Multiple regression analyses showed that the amount of explained variance for the GSIS (48%) was higher than for the RFL (11%), and this finding was attributable to the high predictive power of depressive PD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that depressive PD features are strongly related to increased suicidal thinking and lowered resilience to suicide among older adults. Assessment of depressive PD features should also be especially included in the assessment of later-life suicidal risk.

Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence / Problemas conductuales y sintomatología depresiva como predictores de la violencia filio-parental

The number of complaints filed by parents against their children nationwide has increased dramatically, particularly since 2005. The aim of this study was to examine whether young offenders who had been charged for violence against their parents presented different psychological problems from youngsters charged with other types of offence and non-offenders. Data from 231 adolescents of both sexes aged 14 to 18 years and living in the Basque Country (Spain) were analyzed. Of these, 106 were offenders and the rest were from a community sample. Some of the offenders had been charged with child-to-parent violence (n= 59), while the rest of them had not (n= 47). Offenders who had assaulted or abused their parents presented more behavior problems outside home and more characteristics associated with depressive symptomatology than offenders of other types or non-offenders. Certain psychological problems in adolescents could precipitate family conflict situations and leave parents unable to control their children. Findings highlight the need for offenders charged with child-to-parent violence to receive individual psychological therapy (AU)

El número de denuncias por maltrato presentadas por los padres contra sus hijos a nivel nacional se ha incrementado de forma alarmante sobre todo a partir del año 2005. El objetivo de este estudio era comprobar si los menores infractores denunciados por maltrato a sus progenitores presentan diferentes problemas psicológicos que los infractores por otros delitos y los adolescentes no infractores. Para ello se analizaron los datos de 231 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años del País Vasco (España) de ambos sexos, de los cuales 106 eran infractores y el resto procedía de la población general. Algunos de los infractores tenían delitos por violencia filio-parental (n= 59) mientras que el resto tenían delitos de otro tipo (n= 47). Los infractores que agreden a sus padres se caracterizan por presentar más problemas conductuales fuera del hogar y características asociadas a la sintomatología depresiva que los infractores por otros delitos o los que no son infractores. Determinados problemas psicológicos de los hijos podrían precipitar situaciones de conflicto en el seno familiar y los progenitores verse incapaces de controlarlos. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de que los infractores por violencia filio-parental reciban terapia psicológica individual (AU)

Incremental prediction and moderating role of the perceived emotional intelligence over aggressive behavior

The aim of this research was to explore the influence of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on aggression dimensions (Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger) above and beyond the effects of gender, age, and personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience), as well as the moderating role of PEI on the relationship between personality and aggressive behavior, among young adults. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Aggression Questionnaire were administered to a 313 Spanish community sample, comprised of both males (39.0%) and females (61.0%), ranging from 14 to 69 years old (X = 24.74; SD = 9.27). Controlling the effects of age, gender, and personality, PEI dimensions (Attention, Clarity and Repair) accounted for 3% of the variance (p < .05) in Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Interaction analysis showed that all PEI subscales moderated the relationship between four out of the Big-Five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience) and the aggression dimensions. Particularly, the interaction between Attention and Extraversion and between Clarity and Neuroticism were significant predictors of Total Aggression (b = .67, t(313) = 2.35, p < .05; b = -.71, t(313) = -2.50, p < .05). The results show evidence of the predictive and incremental validity of PEI dimensions on aggressive behavior among young adults and of the moderating role of PEI on the personality aggression relationship (AU)

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The role of psychological maturity in direct and indirect aggressiveness in spanish adolescents

Understanding which factors are related to different kinds of aggressive behaviors in adolescents might help to improve violence-prevention programs for schools and families. Although some studies show that adolescents who are less psychologically mature tend to display more behavioral problems, few studies have been performed on the relationship between aggressive behavior and psychological maturity in adolescence, and no studies have focused specifically on indirect aggression. For this reason, the current research tests the role of psychological maturity in direct and indirect aggressiveness in a sample of 193 Spanish adolescents (49% boys and 51% girls) between 14 and 18 years old (M = 16.1, SD = 1.18). The results show that psychological maturity is related to both kinds of aggressiveness. In fact, less mature adolescents tend to show higher levels of direct aggression (r = -.22, p < .01) and indirect aggression (r = -.44, p < .01). More specifically, the dimensions of psychological maturity most related to aggressiveness are self-reliance and identity: self-reliance is the main predictor of indirect aggression (p < .01) and identity is the main predictor of direct aggression (p < .01). Moreover, overall psychological maturity is more related to indirect aggression in men than in women (p < .05), so the increase in psychological maturity implies a greater decrease of indirect aggression in men (AU)

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Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety disorders in preschoolers / Comorbilidad del trastorno negativista desafiante y los trastornos de ansiedad en preescolares

BACKGROUND: The aim was to study the comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (AD) among preschool children of the general population, and to assess the contribution of comorbidity to the child's functional impairment. METHOD: 622 children were assessed at the ages of 3 and 5, through a diagnostic interview. They were clustered into three diagnostic groups: only ODD, only AD and comorbid ODD+AD. RESULTS: At age 3, ODD was associated with specific phobia, OR = 4.7, 95% CI [1.4, 14.1], and at age 5, with any anxiety disorder, OR=3.9; 95% CI [1.8, 8.4]. ODD at age 3 was predictive of separation anxiety at age 5, OR=4.1; 95% CI [1.2, 14.3]. Comorbid ODD+AD cases showed a higher risk of functional impairment at school and in behavior toward others. Sex and socioeconomic status were not related to the diagnostic group. CONCLUSIONS: ODD+AD comorbidity can be identified in preschool children. Early identification of this association is needed to adequately treat the affected children

ANTECEDENTES: se analiza la comorbilidad entre el trastorno negativista desafiante (TND) y los trastornos de ansiedad (TA) en preescolares de población general, y el deterioro funcional con que se asocian. MÉTODO: 622 niños fueron evaluados a los 3 y los 5 años con una entrevista diagnóstica. Se compararon 3 grupos diagnósticos: únicamente TND, únicamente TA y comorbilidad TND+TA. RESULTADOS: a los 3 años se halló asociación entre TND y fobia específica (OR = 4.7, IC95%: 1.4÷14.1) y a los 5 años entre TND y TA, OR= 3.9; 95% IC [1.8, 8.4]. La presencia de TND a los 3 años fue predictiva de ansiedad de separación a los 5 años (OR = 4.1; IC95%: 1.2÷14.3). La comorbilidad se asoció con mayor deterioro funcional en la escuela y en el comportamiento hacia los demás. Sexo y nivel socioeconómico no se asociaron al grupo diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES: la comorbilidad TND+TA se puede identificar en edad preescolar. Es necesaria la detección temprana de estos trastornos para el adecuado tratamiento de los niños afectados

El sistema de observación BASYS para el análisis del comportamiento agresivo en el contexto escolar / The BASYS observation system for the analysis of aggressive behavior in classroom-settings

El diagnóstico de la agresión se basa frecuentemente en la percepción de los profesores. Estudios empíricos demuestran que la objetividad de estas evaluaciones generalmente es baja. Así pues desarrollamos un sistema de observación para el análisis del comportamiento agresivo en el contexto escolar. El sistema existe en dos versiones, una para profesores y otra para psicólogos que asisten al aula. La versión para profesores permite el diagnóstico de la agresión mientras éste imparte su clase. El objetivo es mejorar la percepción del profesor, de modo que su percepción sirva como información diagnóstica objetiva. El sistema para un observador no implicado (llámese psicólogo, educador...) contiene además categorías adicionales que permiten identificar factores contextuales que influyen en la frecuencia de la agresión. El sistema de observación fue puesto en práctica en cuatro aulas. Una escuela primaria regular y tres clases de niños con problemas conductuales. Los estudios demuestran que, después de un entrenamiento, los profesores aumentan la objetividad de la observación; lo que quiere decir que los profesores van a poder dar un diagnóstico acertado sobre el comportamiento agresivo del niño. La aplicación de este sistema de observación permite además deducir medidas de intervención adecuadas (AU)

Educational or therapeutic measures of aggressive student behavior are often based on the judgments of teachers. However, empirical studies show that the objectivity of these judgments is generally low. In order to assess aggressive behavior in classroom settings, we developed a context-sensitive observational system. The observation system exists in a version for teachers in action as well as a version for the uninvolved observer. The teacher version allows categorizing aggressive behavior while teaching. The aim is to differentiate the perception and the judgments of teachers, so that the judgments can serve as trustable diagnostic information. The version for an independent observer, in addition, contains categories to collect information about the context in which aggressions take place. The behavior observation system was tested in four fi eld-studies in regular and special classes. The empirical results show that, after training, teachers were able to make objective observations, and that aggressive behavior depends to a large extent on situational factors. The system allows identification of problematic people-environment relationships and the derivation of intervention measures (AU)

Los estilos de liderazgo de la Policía Local de la Comunidad Valenciana: Una aproximación desde la Teoría del Liderazgo Transformacional / Leadership styles of Local Police in the Valencian Community: An approach based on the Transformational Leadership Theory

Tomando como base la Teoría de Liderazgo Transformacional (Bass, 1985), se estudian las conductas que componen los estilos de liderazgo y su relación con tres variables de resultado: la eficacia del líder, la satisfacción con el líder y el esfuerzo extra de los subordinados; así como el aumento de los efectos (augmentation effect) del liderazgo transaccional cuando además se utiliza el liderazgo transformacional. La muestra es representativa del universo de policías locales de la Comunidad Valenciana (España) y está compuesta por 975 policías locales (828 hombres y 147 mujeres) pertenecientes a las plantillas de 42 localidades y que son dirigidos por 42 jefes. Los resultados muestran jefes con un perfil de liderazgo claramente activo, que combina conductas de liderazgo transformacional y liderazgo transaccional activo. No se han encontrado diferencias por género del subordinado que informa. Se confirma el poder predictivo positivo de los estilos transformacional y transaccional, y negativo de las conductas pasivas sobre las variables de resultado. Asimismo, se confirma el aumento de los efectos que el liderazgo transaccional posee sobre las variables de resultado analizadas, cuando además se utiliza el liderazgo transformacional. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones prácticas (AU)

On the basis of the Transformational Leadership Theory (Bass, 1985), the patterns of behaviour found in leadership styles are examined, and also their relation to three outcome variables: leader efficacy, satisfaction with the leader and extra effort by subordinates. The study also deals with the augmentation effect in transactional leadership when combined with transformational leadership. The sample is representative of the universe of local policemen in the Valencian Community (Spain) and it consists of 975 local policemen (828 men and 147 women) from 42 local municipalities and directed by 42 police chiefs. Results show police chiefs with active leadership profile that combines transformational leadership behaviors and active transactional leadership. No differences were found by gender of subordinate informants. Both the positive predictive performance of the transformational and transactional styles and the negative predictive performance of passive behaviours were confirmed on the outcome variables. The results also confirm the increase of the transactional leadership effects on the outcome variables analysed when combined with transformational leadership. Practical implications are also discussed (AU)

Attainment and stability of sustained symptomatic remission and recovery among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects: a 16-year prospective follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to determine time to attainment of symptom remission and to recovery lasting 2, 4, 6, or 8 years among patients with borderline personality disorder and comparison subjects with other personality disorders and to determine the stability of these outcomes. METHOD: A total of 290 inpatients with borderline personality disorder and 72 comparison subjects with other axis II disorders were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured interviews, which were administered again at eight successive 2-year follow-up sessions. For inclusion in the study, patients with borderline personality disorder had to meet criteria for both the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Borderline patients were significantly slower to achieve remission or recovery (which involved good social and vocational functioning as well as symptomatic remission) than axis II comparison subjects. However, by the time of the 16-year follow-up assessment, both groups had achieved similarly high rates of remission (range for borderline patients: 78%-99%; range for axis II comparison subjects: 97%-99%) but not recovery (40%-60% compared with 75%-85%). In contrast, symptomatic recurrence and loss of recovery occurred more rapidly and at substantially higher rates among borderline patients than axis II comparison subjects (recurrence: 10%-36% compared with 4%-7%; loss of recovery: 20%-44% compared with 9%-28%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sustained symptomatic remission is substantially more common than sustained recovery from borderline personality disorder and that sustained remissions and recoveries are substantially more difficult for individuals with borderline personality disorder to attain and maintain than for individuals with other forms of personality disorder.

Agressividade, estilo de vida criminal e adaptação à prisão / Aggressiveness, criminal lifestyle and prison adjustment / Agressivité, style de vie criminel et adaptation à la prison / Agresividad, estilo de vida criminal y adaptación a la prisión

O estudo da adaptação à prisão e a classificação dos reclusos pode ajudar a prevenir situações de risco e promover um tratamento penitenciário mais efetivo. Este estudo correlacional explora a relação entre a agressividade, o estilo de vida criminal e a adaptação à prisão, incluindo variáveis sociodemográficas e jurídico-penais. A agressividade é medida pelo Aggression Questionnaire e o estilo de vida criminal pelo Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. A adaptação à prisão inclui dois indicadores: processos disciplinares e acessos aos serviços clínicos. A amostra é constituída por trinta e um participantes do sexo masculino e nacionalidade portuguesa, detidos num Estabelecimento Prisional Regional. O período de observação teve a duração de cinco meses. Os resultados indicam que a agressividade, a história de consumo de drogas e as penas de menor duração predizem pior adaptação à prisão. Conclui-se que o Aggression Questionnaire se associa aos processos disciplinares e aos acessos aos serviços clínicos.(AU)

The study of inmates´ adjustment to prison and prison classification may help to prevent risky situations and promote a more effective institutional treatment. This correlational study explores the relation between aggressiveness, criminal lifestyle, and adjustment to prison, attending also to socio-demographic and penal variables. Aggressiveness was measured through the Aggression Questionnaire and the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form-Revised assessed the criminal lifestyle. Prison adjustment includes two indicators: infraction reports and accesses to the clinical services. A sample of thirty-one Portuguese male prisoners from a local prison was assessed during an observation period of five months. Results show that aggressiveness, drug history, and shorter sentences predict a poor adjustment. The scores on Aggression Questionnaire are associated with both infractions reports and accesses to the clinical services.(AU)

Les études sur l´adaptation à la prison et la classification des détenus peuvent aider à prévenir des situations de risque et promouvoir un traitement pénitentiaire plus efficient. Cette recherche corrélationnelle explore la relation entre l'agressivité, le style de vie criminel et l'adaptation à la prison, incluant des variables socio-démographiques et juridico-pénales. L'agressivité est mesurée par l´Agression Questionnaire et le style de vie criminelle par le Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. L'adaptation à la prison comprend deux indicateurs: les procédures disciplinaires et les accès aux services cliniques. L'échantillon se compose de trente et un participants du sexe masculin et de nationalité portugaise, incarcéré dans une prison régionale et observé durant une période de cinq mois. Les résultats indiquent que l'agressivité, l'histoire d´usage de drogues et les peines plus courtes prédisent une mauvaise adaptation à la prison et que l´Agression Questionnaire est associé aux procédures disciplinaires et aux accès aux services cliniques.(AU)

El estudio de la adaptación a la prisión y la clasificación de los reclusos pueden ayudar a prevenir situaciones de riesgo y promover un tratamiento penitenciario más adecuado. Este estudio correlacional explora la relación entre la agresividad, el estilo de vida criminal y la adaptación a la prisión, incluyendo datos socio-demográficos y jurídico-penales. La agresividad es medida por el Aggression Questionnaire y lo estilo de vida criminal por el Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. La adaptación a la prisión incluye dos indicadores: los procedimientos disciplinarios y los accesos a los servicios clínicos. La muestra consta de treinta y uno participantes del sexo masculino y nacionalidad portuguesa, detenidos en una prisión regional. El periodo de observación fue de cinco meses. Los resultados indican que la agresividad, la historia del consumo de drogas y condenas más cortas predicen peor adaptación a la cárcel. Además se verifica que los scores Aggression Questionnaire se asocian con los procedimientos disciplinarios y el acceso a los servicios clínicos.(AU)

Agressividade, estilo de vida criminal e adaptação à prisão / Aggressiveness, criminal lifestyle and prison adjustment / Agressivité, style de vie criminel et adaptation à la prison / Agresividad, estilo de vida criminal y adaptación a la prisión

O estudo da adaptação à prisão e a classificação dos reclusos pode ajudar a prevenir situações de risco e promover um tratamento penitenciário mais efetivo. Este estudo correlacional explora a relação entre a agressividade, o estilo de vida criminal e a adaptação à prisão, incluindo variáveis sociodemográficas e jurídico-penais. A agressividade é medida pelo Aggression Questionnaire e o estilo de vida criminal pelo Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. A adaptação à prisão inclui dois indicadores: processos disciplinares e acessos aos serviços clínicos. A amostra é constituída por trinta e um participantes do sexo masculino e nacionalidade portuguesa, detidos num Estabelecimento Prisional Regional. O período de observação teve a duração de cinco meses. Os resultados indicam que a agressividade, a história de consumo de drogas e as penas de menor duração predizem pior adaptação à prisão. Conclui-se que o Aggression Questionnaire se associa aos processos disciplinares e aos acessos aos serviços clínicos.

The study of inmates´ adjustment to prison and prison classification may help to prevent risky situations and promote a more effective institutional treatment. This correlational study explores the relation between aggressiveness, criminal lifestyle, and adjustment to prison, attending also to socio-demographic and penal variables. Aggressiveness was measured through the Aggression Questionnaire and the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form-Revised assessed the criminal lifestyle. Prison adjustment includes two indicators: infraction reports and accesses to the clinical services. A sample of thirty-one Portuguese male prisoners from a local prison was assessed during an observation period of five months. Results show that aggressiveness, drug history, and shorter sentences predict a poor adjustment. The scores on Aggression Questionnaire are associated with both infractions reports and accesses to the clinical services.

Les études sur l´adaptation à la prison et la classification des détenus peuvent aider à prévenir des situations de risque et promouvoir un traitement pénitentiaire plus efficient. Cette recherche corrélationnelle explore la relation entre l'agressivité, le style de vie criminel et l'adaptation à la prison, incluant des variables socio-démographiques et juridico-pénales. L'agressivité est mesurée par l´Agression Questionnaire et le style de vie criminelle par le Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. L'adaptation à la prison comprend deux indicateurs: les procédures disciplinaires et les accès aux services cliniques. L'échantillon se compose de trente et un participants du sexe masculin et de nationalité portugaise, incarcéré dans une prison régionale et observé durant une période de cinq mois. Les résultats indiquent que l'agressivité, l'histoire d´usage de drogues et les peines plus courtes prédisent une mauvaise adaptation à la prison et que l´Agression Questionnaire est associé aux procédures disciplinaires et aux accès aux services cliniques.

El estudio de la adaptación a la prisión y la clasificación de los reclusos pueden ayudar a prevenir situaciones de riesgo y promover un tratamiento penitenciario más adecuado. Este estudio correlacional explora la relación entre la agresividad, el estilo de vida criminal y la adaptación a la prisión, incluyendo datos socio-demográficos y jurídico-penales. La agresividad es medida por el Aggression Questionnaire y lo estilo de vida criminal por el Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form. La adaptación a la prisión incluye dos indicadores: los procedimientos disciplinarios y los accesos a los servicios clínicos. La muestra consta de treinta y uno participantes del sexo masculino y nacionalidad portuguesa, detenidos en una prisión regional. El periodo de observación fue de cinco meses. Los resultados indican que la agresividad, la historia del consumo de drogas y condenas más cortas predicen peor adaptación a la cárcel. Además se verifica que los scores Aggression Questionnaire se asocian con los procedimientos disciplinarios y el acceso a los servicios clínicos.

Programa EDUCA. Escuela de padres para el tratamiento de los trastornos del comportamiento perturbado / EDUCA program. School parents for the treatment of disorders of disturbed behavior

Es un hecho reconocido que los problemas de comportamiento perturbador en la adolescencia y en la juventud, así como las conductas agresivas y delictivas, se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años, provocando una gran perocupación social por cómo revertir esta tendencia. Los trastornos del comportamiento perturbador suponen hoy en día uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en las unidades de salud mental infanto-juvenil, tanto en España, que supone algo más de la mitad de las consultas clínicas que se realizan, como fuera de nuestras fronteras. Loa programas de escuela de padres suponen el tratamiento de primera elección para los problemas cotidianos del comportamiento, lo que actuaría como prevención primaria de otros trastornos de conducta más graves. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio experimental fue diseñar y probar la eficacia de un program protolizado y en grupo de escala de padres para el tratamiento de los trastornos del comportamiento perturbador de la infancia y la adolescencia, así como par mejorar lasatisfacción y el clima social dentro del contexto familiar. La muestra del estudio estubo compuesta por 31 familias (31 madres y 25 padres) que fueron derivadas a la Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil de Algeciras por problemas de comportamiento perturbador de sus hijos. Los resultados obtnidos mostraron que el programa EDUCA fue eficaz al producir una mejoría clínica y estadísticamente significativa en las variables: afgresividad (P<0,01), hiperactividad (p<0,05), Cohesión (P<0,02), Moral-Religiosidad (P<0,01), Organización (P<0,003) y Satisfacción familiar (P<0,01)(AU)

It is recognized that disruptive behavior problems in adolescence and youth, as well as aggressive and criminal behavior has increased dramatically in recent years, causing great social perocupación how to reverse this trend. The disruptive behavior disorders represent today one of the most common diagnoses in the units of child and adolescent mental health, in Spain, which involves more than half of clinical consultations taking place, and beyond our borders. Loa parents school programs involve the treatment of choice for the everyday problems of behavior, which act as primary prevention of other serious behavioral disorders. The main objective of our experimental study was to design and test the effectiveness of a program protolizado and scale group of parents in the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders of childhood and adolescence, and even improve lasatisfacción and social climate within the family context. The study sample was composed of 31 families (31 mothers and 25 fathers) who were referred to the Unit of Child and Adolescent Mental Health of Algeciras for disruptive behavior problems of their children. The results showed that the program obtnidos EDUCA was effective in producing a clinically and statistically significant variables: afgresividad (P <0.01), hyperactivity (p <0.05), Cohesion (P <0.02), Moral -religiosity (P <0.01), Organisation (P <0.003) and family satisfaction (P <0.01) (AU)